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Skeletal System
Bone -
The most versatile and free moving joints are known as synovial joints. The bone ends in a synovial joint are covered by a smooth, slightly compressible tissue called articular cartilage, surrounding the joint is the joint capsule which is made of connective tissue which is attached to the bone. The inner lining of the joint capsule is called the synovial membrane which secretes viscous synovial fluid into the synovial cavity to ensure the joint is kept well lubricated.
The range of movement of a synovial joint is determined by the shape of its articular cartilage surfaces and how they fit together:
Types of synovial joint:
- Ball & Socket -
provides the widest range of movement such as the shoulder and hip joints. - Ellipsodial -
provides side to side and flexing movement with limited rotation. - Gliding -
provides flat surface limited movement. - Hinge -
provides to and fro movement mainly through one plane, in some cases allows limited rotation such as the elbow joint. - Pivot -
provides side to side and rotating movement. - Saddle -
provides back and forth and side to side movement with limiter rotation.