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Kidneys secrete a variety of hormones.

Erythropoietin - also called hematopoietin or hemopoietin - is released in response to low levels of oxygen - hypoxia - in the renal circulation. It stimulates the production of red blood cells - erythropoiesis - in the bone marrow and it is produced by the peritubular capillary endothelial cells in the kidney. It also has other known biological functions. For example, erythropoietin plays an important role in the brain's response to neuronal injury 1 and is involved in the wound healing process.2

Calcitriol - the activated form of vitamin D.

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Renin - an enzyme involved in the regulation of aldosterone levels as part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which regulates the body's mean arterial blood pressure.

It acts in response to:

 

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Siren AL et al. (2001). "Erythropoietin prevents neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia and metabolic stress". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 4044–4049. doi:10.1073/pnas.051606598. PMID 11259643.

Haroon ZA, Amin K, Jiang X, Arcasoy MO (September 2003). "A novel role for erythropoietin during fibrin-induced wound-healing response". Am. J. Pathol. 163 (3): 993–1000. PMID 12937140.

 

Kidneys